LOGICAL

Function IF()

 IF(<lCondition>, <expTrue>, <expFalse>) --> Value

IF() is a logical conversion function. It is one of the most powerful and versatile functions in xClipper. It provides a mechanism to evaluate a condition within an expression. With this ability you can convert a logical expression to another data type.

 This example converts a logical data value to a numeric data
 value:
 
 lPaid = .T.
 ? IF(lPaid, 1, 0)               // Result: 1
 
 In this example a logical field is formatted depending on
 whether the Customer is past due or not:
 
 @ ROW() + 1, 25 SAY IF(lPaid, SPACE(10), "Go get 'em")
 
 If you are printing forms, you can print an indicating symbol
 in different columns depending on the value of a logical field:
 
 @ ROW(), IF(InHospital, 10, 12) SAY "X"
 
 You can also use IF() to force the LABEL FORM to print blank
 lines.  Enter the following expression when you create the label with
 RL.EXE:
 
 IF(EMPTY(Company), CHR(255), Company)

Function IIF()

 [I]IF(<lCondition>, <expTrue>, <expFalse>) --> Value

IIF() is a logical conversion function. It is one of the most powerful and versatile functions in xClipper. It provides a mechanism to evaluate a condition within an expression. With this ability you can convert a logical expression to another data type.

 This example converts a logical data value to a numeric data
 value:
 
 lPaid = .T.
 ? IIF(lPaid, 1, 0)               // Result: 1
 
 In this example a logical field is formatted depending on
 whether the Customer is past due or not:
 
 @ ROW() + 1, 25 SAY IIF(lPaid, SPACE(10), "Go get 'em")
 
 If you are printing forms, you can print an indicating symbol
 in different columns depending on the value of a logical field:
 
 @ ROW(), IIF(InHospital, 10, 12) SAY "X"
 
 You can also use IIF() to force the LABEL FORM to print blank
 lines.  Enter the following expression when you create the label with
 RL.EXE:
 
 IIF(EMPTY(Company), CHR(255), Company)

Function TRANSFORM()

 TRANSFORM(<exp>, <cSayPicture>) --> cFormatString

TRANSFORM() is a conversion function that formats character, date, logical, and numeric values according to a specified picture string that includes a combination of picture function and template strings. TRANSFORM() formats data for output to the screen or the printer in the same manner as the PICTURE clause of the @...SAY command.

Function string: A picture function string specifies formatting rules that apply to the TRANSFORM() return value as a whole, rather than to particular character positions within <exp>. The function string consists of the @ character, followed by one or more additional characters, each of which has a particular meaning (see table below). If a function string is present, the @ character must be the leftmost character of the picture string, and the function string must not contain spaces. A function string may be specified alone or with a template string. If both are present, the function string must precede the template string, and the two must be separated by a single space.

TRANSFORM() Functions
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Function     Action
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 B            Displays numbers left-justified
 C            Displays CR after positive numbers
 D            Displays date in SET DATE format
 E            Displays date in British format
 R            Nontemplate characters are inserted
 X            Displays DB after negative numbers
 Z            Displays zeros as blanks
 (            Encloses negative numbers in parentheses
 !            Converts alphabetic characters to uppercase
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 

Template string: A picture template string specifies formatting rules on a character-by-character basis. The template string consists of a series of characters, some of which have special meanings (see table below). Each position in the template string corresponds to a position in the value of the <exp> argument. Because TRANSFORM() uses a template, it can insert formatting characters such as commas, dollar signs, and parentheses.

Characters in the template string that have no assigned meanings are copied literally into the return value. If the @R picture function is used, these characters are inserted between characters of the return value; otherwise, they overwrite the corresponding characters of the return value. A template string may be specified alone or with a function string. If both are present, the function string must precede the template string, and the two must be separated by a single space.

TRANSFORM() Templates
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Template     Action
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 A,N,X,9,#    Displays digits for any data type
 L            Displays logicals as "T" or "F"
 Y            Displays logicals as "Y" or "N"
 !            Converts an alphabetic character to uppercase
 $            Displays a dollar sign in place of a leading space in a
 numeric
 *            Displays an asterisk in place of a leading space in a
 numeric
 .            Specifies a decimal point position
 ,            Specifies a comma position
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 

 This example formats a number into a currency format using a
 template:
 
 ? TRANSFORM(123456, "$999,999")    // Result: $123,456
 
 This example formats a character string using a function:
 
 ? TRANSFORM("to upper", "@!")      // Result: TO UPPER